I have no difficulty using holdfasts in tops thinner than 3. However if you are using the bench primarily for woodworking it may not be as perfectly flat as you require.
This thickness is best so the top can work well with bench dogs and hold fasts and most importantly the chop on the vice.
How thick should a woodworking bench top be. What top thickness do i need. For the countertop in the photos the finished size was 42 x 96 so my final glue up was about 46 x 100. Consider cutting a mortise chisel in use.
It all starts with picking out the lumber and laying out the boards to be about 1 12 to 2 wider than the finished piece on all four sides. Choosing the wrong tools to build a workbench you designed. Which you could make your own by gluing thinner boards together.
If you are going to laminate a benchtop out of 34 thick material you should probably own a powered jointer and planer. If so a bench thats 34 from the floor or a bit lower can be good. For a hand tool worker 15 isnt thick enough.
It tends to be the thicker tops that cause a problem. 3 board would be plenty of almost any type of wood hardwoods like white oak or hickory would could probably get away with 1 12 2 thick. In fact i use one all the time in the apron of my english bench and thats less than an inch thick.
The holdfast needs to be able to twist in the hole to grip and a thick top restricts the movement. The workbench is a lot less useful if its that deep. After the top is glued up and sanded it is time to lay it out and trim it to the final size.
Heres a hint the benchtop should be less deep than your casework to make it easier to work on the casework. To improve the rigidity of the surface it is recommended to use two or more layers of inch plywood for your workbench top. How to make a thick countertop out of thin wood.
Of course everyone wants a ballpark idea for where to start. Here is the skinny on bench top thicknesses. You want a thick bench to absorb the blow from your mallet and drive the chisel deeper.
Anything over 425 is too thick and the accessories like hold fasts will not work as well. The top of a table saw is typically 34 from the floor so a workbench could be at most a great outfeed table or at least not in the way of your crosscutting and ripping. It has to be at least 3 thick solid wood preferred.
The picture was added after this answer was given.
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